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This proverb contrasts the righteous and the wicked in light of God's divine providence. "him that hath understanding" is a spiritual picture of a saved individual; as Christians when we bring the gospel of peace we bring true, heavenly wisdom of Christ. The word translated "wisdom" here comes from the original Hebrew "hmkx" and has a rather deep meaning - skill (in war); wisdom (in administration); shrewdness, wisdom; wisdom, prudence (in religious affairs) wisdom (ethical and religious). The same word is used again later in Proverbs 10:
"The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out. The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth of the wicked speaketh frowardness." (Proverbs 10:31,32).
By contrast, "a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding" refers to an unsaved individual. The unsaved cannot discern true wisdom relating to Jesus or spiritual things, therefore, they are void of understanding truth and destined for punishment unless by God's grace they turn and repent. The beautiful thing about the grace of God is that it is not based on one's i.q. God freely gives His grace to His children regardless of income or educational level:
"Wisdom is better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good." (Ecclesiates 9:18).
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